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浙江两会热议“职业教育”：加强制度保障 推动产教融合******
中新网杭州1月13日电(记者 胡丰盛 施紫楠)12日至16日，浙江省第十四届人民代表大会第一次会议在杭州举行，“技能人才培养”“职业技能培训”“产教融合”等成为人大代表口中的高频词。
据政府工作报告，2023年浙江将开展职业教育培训150万人次；开展职业技能培训110万人次以上，新增技能人才40万人，其中高技能人才20万人；建成零工市场200个。
如何加强技术学校人才队伍建设，让更多年轻人投身制造业、共享改革发展成果，一直是浙江省人大代表、安吉技师学院电工技师杨应政思考的问题。
浙江省人大代表、安吉技师学院电工技师杨应政 受访者 供图“人才建设过程中出现的人才划分不明确、重引进轻培养等诸多问题，阻碍了高层次人才的建设进程。”杨应政认为，对此学校应予以重视，加强政策扶持，加大资金投入，注重人才的引进和培养。
翻看今年政府工作报告，“大力发展职业教育，扩大长学制和本科层次职业教育招生规模”让杨应政感到振奋。
杨应政接受记者采访时表示，教育部门可根据技术学校发展情况，探索出一套与学校发展目标一致的人才建设体系，包括完善人才政策体系，做到精准“引”、突出“高精尖缺”导向、聚焦人才“引育留”，精准拟定引才需求。
眼下，提高职业教育质量、适应性和吸引力，培养更多高素质技术技能人才，已成为加快建设教育强国、科技强国、人才强国的基础之一。其中，农业职业教育同样不容忽视。
培养“懂农业、有文化、技术高、会管理、善运营”的新型职业农民，是现代化农业人才建设的迫切需求，也是破解“三农”问题，提高农业农村劳动生产率、推动乡村振兴的关键举措。
浙江省人大代表、嘉善县美华水产养殖场场长杨珍 受访者 供图浙江省人大代表、嘉善县美华水产养殖场场长杨珍直言，目前农业职业教育认同度低、生源差、“爱农”思想教育不够、人才流失严重等成为明显短板。
针对上述问题，杨珍认为，需要构建系统化的农业职业教育体系，农业职业教育与普通高等教育的融合发展势在必行。
杨珍建议，打通和拓宽各级各类技术技能人才的成长空间和发展通道，满足“三农”发展对不同层次技术技能人才的需求；从办学体制、运行机制、培养模式等方面进行全方位改革创新；健全农业职业技术教育和职业培训制度，形成多主体参与的办学体制。
“要以现代农业产业技术技能标准体系为结合点，围绕解决农业生产中的现实问题，探索‘农科教融合、育训创一体’人才培养模式，更好赋能乡村振兴。”杨珍说。
“促进高质量充分就业，完善重点群体就业创业支持政策，深化职业技能培训”“建立终身职业技能培训机制”……翻阅政府工作报告，今后五年的规划透露出浙江加强保障、促进职业教育改革的决心。
针对报告中提出的“深化区域中高职一体化人才培养改革，推动职业教育与产业深度融合”，浙江省人大代表，中核核电运行管理有限公司董事长、党委书记黄潜深有感触。
黄潜直言，目前职业教育中学校办学条件设施设备亟待改善、校企合作“作而不合”、产教融合“合而不融”、保障机制缺乏统筹与协调等问题仍比较普遍。
对此，黄潜建议，切实保障职业教育经费投入，建立相适应的财政投入制度，确保职业教育高质量可持续发展；完善产教融合校企合作制度，优化有关校企合作、产教融合的相关地方性法规，从制度层面为职业教育改革发展提供保障和支撑。
“建立健全具有地方特色职业教育标准体系，进一步健全职业教育学校、专业、课程等建设标准，完善教学、实习实训和学徒制培养等基本规范，加强质量评价和财政税收保障机制建设，推动职业教育更好服务当地经济社会发展。”黄潜说。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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